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? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 1 mcp73123/223 features: ? complete linear charge management controller: - integrated input overvoltage protection (ovp) - integrated pass transistor - integrated current sense - integrated reverse discharge protection ? constant current/constant voltage operation with thermal regulation ? 4.15v undervoltage lockout (uvlo) ? 18v absolute maximum input with ovp: - 6.5v - mcp73123 - 13v - mcp73223 ? high accuracy preset voltage regulation through full temperature range (-5c to +55c): - + 0.5% - mcp73123 - + 0.6% - mcp73223 ? battery charge voltage options: - 3.6v - mcp73123 - 7.2v - mcp73223 ? resistor programmable fast charge current: -130 ma - 1100 ma ? preconditioning of deeply depleted cells: - available options: 10% or disable ? integrated precondition timer: - 32 minutes or disable ? automatic end-of-charge control: - selectable minimum current ratio: ? 5%, 7.5%, 10% or 20% - elapse safety timer: 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr or disable ? automatic recharge: - available options: 95% or disable ? factory preset charge status output: - on/off or flashing ?soft start ? temperature range: -40c to +85c ? packaging: dfn-10 (3 mm x 3 mm) applications: ? low-cost lifepo 4 battery chargers ? power tools ?toys ? backup energy storage solutions description: the mcp73123/223 is a highly integrated lithium iron phosphate (lifepo 4 ) battery charge management controller for use in space-limited and cost-sensitive applications. the mcp73123/223 provides specific charge algorithms for lifepo 4 batteries to achieve optimal capacity and safety in the shortest charging time possible. along with its small physical size, the low number of external components makes the mcp73123/223 ideally suitable for various applications. the absolute maximum voltage, up to 18v, allows the use of mcp73123/223 in harsh environments, such as low cost ac adapter or voltage spikes from plugging/unplugging. the mcp73123/223 employs a constant current/ constant voltage charge algorithm. the 3.6v per cell factory preset reference voltage simplifies design with 2v preconditioning threshold. the fast charge, constant current value is set with one external resistor from 130 ma to 1100 ma. the mcp73123/223 also limits the charge current based on die temperature during high power or high ambient conditions. this thermal regulation optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability. the prog pin of the mcp73123/223 also serves as the enable pin. when high impedance is applied, the mcp73123/223 will be in standby mode. the mcp73123/223 is fully specified over the ambient temperature range of -40c to +85c. the mcp73123/ 223 is available in a 10 lead dfn package. package types (top view) mcp73123/223 3x3 dfn * v bat v dd v bat v ss v ss 1 2 3 4 10 9 8 7 stat prog v dd * includes exposed thermal pad (ep); see table 3-1 . ep 11 nc 5 6 nc lithium iron phosphate (lifepo 4 ) battery charge management controller with input overvoltage protection
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 2 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. typical application table 1: available factory preset options table 2: standard sample options charge voltage ovp preconditioning charge current preconditioning threshold precondition timer elapse timer end-of- charge control automatic recharge output status 3.6v 6.5v disable/10% 2v disable / 32 minimum disable/4 hr./ 6 hr./8 hr. 5%/7.5%/ 10%/20% no / yes type 1/ type 2 7.2v 13v disable/10% 4v disable / 32 minimum disable/4 hr./ 6 hr./8 hr. 5%/7.5%/ 10%/20% no / yes type 1/ type 2 note 1: i reg : regulated fast charge current. 2: v reg : regulated charge voltage. 3: i preg /i reg : preconditioning charge current; ratio of regulated fast charge current. 4: i term /i reg : end-of-charge control; ratio of regulated fast charge current. 5: v rth /v reg : recharge threshold; ratio of regulated battery voltage, 0% or 95%. 0% = disabled. 6: v pth /v reg : preconditioning threshold voltage. 7: type 1: on/off; type 2: flashing. please refer to table 5-2 . part number v reg ovp i preg /i reg precharge timer elapse timer i term /i reg auto recharge threshold (0% = disabled) v pth /v reg output status mcp73123-22s/mf 3.6v 6.5v 10% 32 min. 6 hr. 10% 95% 2v type 1 mcp73123-22a/mf 3.6v 6.5v 10% 32 min. 6 hr. 10% 0% 2v type 1 mcp73223-c2s/mf 7.2v 13v 10% 32 min. 6 hr. 10% 95% 4v type 1 mcp73223-c2a/mf 7.2v 13v 10% 32 min. 6 hr. 10% 0% 4v type 1 note 1: customers should contact their distributor, representatives or field application engineer (fae) for support and samples. local sales offices are also available to help customers. a listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. technical support is available thro ugh the web site at: http//support.microchip.com. 2: contact your local microchip sales o ffice for alternative device options. stat v dd nc 5 3 1 2 prog 8 7 9 10 4.7 f + - 1-cell lifepo 4 battery nc 6 4 1k ? v dd v bat v bat v ss v ss 4.7 f 1.15 k ? mcp73123 typical application ac-dc adapter
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 3 mcp73123/223 functional block diagram reference, bias, uvlo, and shdn v ref (1.21v) stat prog v bat v ss direction control precondition + - term + - + - ca charge + - + - va + - current limit charge control, timer, and status logic v ref vo reg vo reg uvlo v dd input overvp v dd + - 6.5v/13v thermal regulation t sd + - 110 c *recharge v bat + - 95% v reg *only available on selected options g=0.001
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 4 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. 1.0 electrical characteristics absolute maximum ratings? v dd ................................................................................ 18.0v ? v prog .............................................................................. 6.0v ? all inputs and outputs w.r.t. v ss ............... -0.3 to (v dd +0.3)v maximum junction temperature, t j ............ internally limited storage temperature .....................................-65c to +150c esd protection on all pins human body model (1.5 k ? in series with 100 pf) ????????? 4 kv machine model (200pf, no series resistance) ..............300v ? notice: stresses above those listed under ?maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this sp ecification is not implied. exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. dc characteristics electrical specifications: unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for v dd = [v reg (typical) + 0.3v] to 12v, ? t a = -40c to +85c. typical values are at +25c, v dd = [v reg (typical) + 1.0v] parameters sym. min. ty p. max. units conditions supply input input voltage range v dd 4 ? 16 v operating supply voltage v dd 4.2 ? 6.5 v mcp73123 operating supply voltage v dd 4.2 ? 13.0 v mcp73223 supply current i ss ? 4 5.5 a shutdown (v dd ? v bat - 150 mv) ? 700 1500 a charging ? 30 100 a standby (prog floating) ? 50 150 a charge complete; no battery; v dd ? v stop battery discharge current output reverse leakage current i discharge ? 0.5 2 a standby (prog floating) ? 0.5 2 a shutdown (v dd ? v bat , ? or v dd ? v stop ) ? 6 17 a charge complete; v dd is present undervoltage lockout uvlo start threshold v start 4.10 4.15 4.25 v uvlo stop threshold v stop 4.00 4.05 4.15 v uvlo hysteresis v hys ? 100 ? mv overvoltage protection ovp start threshold v ovp 6.4 6.5 6.6 v mcp73123 ovp start threshold v ovp 12.8 13 13.2 v mcp73223 ovp hysteresis v ovphys ? 150 ? mv voltage regulation (constant voltage mode) regulated output voltage v reg 3.582 3.60 3.618 v t a = -5c to +55c, i out = 50 ma ? - mcp73123 output voltage tolerance v rtol -0.5 ? +0.5 % t a = -5c to +55c - mcp73123 regulated output voltage v reg 7.157 7.20 7.243 v t a = -5c to +55c, i out = 50 ma ? - mcp73223 output voltage tolerance v rtol -0.6 ? +0.6 % t a = -5c to +55c - mcp73223 note 1: not production tested. ensured by design.
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 5 mcp73123/223 line regulation ??? v bat / v bat )/ ? v dd | ? 0.05 0.20 %/v v dd = [v reg (typical)+1v] to 6v ? - mcp73123 v dd = [v reg (typical)+1v] to 12v - mcp73223 i out = 50 ma load regulation ?? v bat /v bat | ? 0.05 0.20 % i out = 50 ma - 150 ma v dd = [v reg (typical)+1v] supply ripple attenuation psrr ? -46 ? db i out = 20 ma, 10 hz to 1 khz ? -30 ? db i out = 20 ma, 10 hz to 10 khz battery short protection bsp start threshold v short ? 1.45 ? v mcp73123 bsp start threshold v short ? 2.90 ? v mcp73223 bsp hysteresis v bsphys ? 150 ? mv bsp regulation current i short ? 25 ? ma current regulation (fast charge, constant-current mode) fast charge current regulation i reg 130 ? 1100 ma t a =-5c to +55c ? 130 ? ma prog = 10 k ? ? 1000 ? ma prog = 1.1 k ?? preconditioning current regulation (trickle charge constant current mode) precondition current ratio i preg/ /i reg ? 10 ? % prog = 1 k ?? to 10 k ? t a =-5c to +55c ? 100 ? % no preconditioning precondition voltage threshold ratio v pth v pth 1.9 2.0 2.1 v mcp73123, v bat low-to-high 3.8 4.0 4.2 v mcp73223, v bat low-to-high precondition hysteresis v phys ? 100 ? mv v bat high-to-low ( note 1 ) charge termination charge termination ? current ratio i term /i reg 3.7 5 6.3 % prog = 1 k ?? to 10 k ? t a =-5c to +55c 5.6 7.5 9.4 7.5 10 12.5 15 20 25 automatic recharge recharge voltage threshold ratio v rth /v reg 93 95 97 % v bat high-to-low no automatic recharge ? 0 ? pass transistor on-resistance on-resistance r dson ? 350 ? m ? v dd = 4.5v, t j = 105c ( note 1 ) status indicator - stat sink current i sink ? 20 35 ma low output voltage v ol ? 0.2 0.5 v i sink = 4 ma input leakage current i lk ? 0.001 1 ? a high impedance, v dd on pin prog input charge impedance range r prog 1 ? 10 k ? shutdown impedance r prog ? 200 ? k ? impedance for shutdown prog voltage range v prog 0 ? 5 v dc characteristics (continued) electrical specifications: unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for v dd = [v reg (typical) + 0.3v] to 12v, ? t a = -40c to +85c. typical values are at +25c, v dd = [v reg (typical) + 1.0v] parameters sym. min. typ. max. units conditions note 1: not production tested. ensured by design.
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 6 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ac characteristics temperature specifications automatic power down automatic power down entry threshold v pdentry v bat + 10 mv v bat + 50 mv ? v v dd falling automatic power down exit threshold v pdexit ? v bat + 150 mv v bat + 250 mv v v dd rising thermal shutdown die temperature t sd ? 150 ? ? c die temperature hysteresis t sdhys ? 10 ? ? c electrical specifications: unless otherwise specified, all limits apply for v dd = [v reg (typical)+0.3v] to 6v, t a =-40c to +85c. typical values are at +25c, v dd = [v reg (typical)+1.0v] parameters sym. min. typ. max. units conditions elapsed timer elapsed timer period t elapsed ? 0 ? hours timer disabled 3.6 4.0 4.4 hours 5.4 6.0 6.6 hours 7.2 8.0 8.8 hours preconditioning timer preconditioning timer period t prechg ? 0 ? hours disabled timer 0.4 0.5 0.6 hours status indicator status output turn-off t off ? ? 500 s i sink = 1 ma to 0 ma ( note 1 ) status output turn-on t on ? ? 500 i sink = 0 ma to 1 ma ( note 1 ) note 1: not production tested. ensured by design. electrical specifications: unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for v dd = [v reg (typical) + 0.3v] to 6v. typical values are at +25c, v dd = [v reg (typical) + 1.0v] parameters sym. min. typ. max. units conditions temperature ranges specified temperature range t a -40 ? +85 c operating temperature range t j -40 ? +125 c storage temperature range t a -65 ? +150 c thermal package resistances thermal resistance, dfn-10 (3x3) ? ja ? 64 ? c/w 4-layer jc51-7 standard board, natural convection ? jc ? 12 ? c/w dc characteristics (continued) electrical specifications: unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for v dd = [v reg (typical) + 0.3v] to 12v, ? t a = -40c to +85c. typical values are at +25c, v dd = [v reg (typical) + 1.0v] parameters sym. min. typ. max. units conditions note 1: not production tested. ensured by design.
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 7 mcp73123/223 2.0 typical performance curves note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = [v reg (typical) + 1v], i out = 50 ma and t a = +25c, constant voltage mode. figure 2-1: battery regulation voltage (v bat ) vs. supply voltage (v dd ). figure 2-2: battery regulation voltage (v bat ) vs. supply voltage (v dd ). figure 2-3: battery regulation voltage (v bat ) vs. supply voltage (v dd ). figure 2-4: battery regulation voltage (v bat ) vs. ambient temperature (t a ). figure 2-5: battery regulation voltage (v bat ) vs. ambient temperature (t a ). figure 2-6: charge current (i out ) vs. programming resistor (r prog ). note: the graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. the performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. in some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. 3.55 3.56 3.57 3.58 3.59 3.60 3.61 3.62 3.63 3.64 3.65 3.66 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 supply voltage (v) battery regulation voltage (v) i load = 150 ma v bat = 3.6v t a = +25c 3.55 3.56 3.57 3.58 3.59 3.60 3.61 3.62 3.63 3.64 3.65 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 supply voltage (v) battery regulation voltage (v) i load = 50 ma v bat = 3.6v t a = +25c 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 8.4 9.0 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.4 12.0 supply voltage (v) battery regulation voltage (v) i load = 50 ma v bat = 7.2v t a = +25c 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 ambient temperature (c) battery regulation voltage (v) i load = 50 ma v dd = 9.2v 3.580 3.585 3.590 3.595 3.600 3.605 3.610 3.615 3.620 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 ambient temperature (c) battery regulation voltage (v) i load = 150 ma v dd = 5.2v 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1234567891011 121314151617181920 programming resistor (k ? ) charge current (ma) v dd = 5.2 v t a = +25c
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 8 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. typical performance curves (continued) note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = [v reg (typical) + 1v], i out = 10 ma and t a = +25c, constant voltage mode. figure 2-7: charge current (i out ) vs. supply voltage (v). figure 2-8: charge current (i out ) vs. supply voltage (v). figure 2-9: charge current (i out ) vs. supply voltage (v). figure 2-10: charge current (i out ) vs. programming resistor (r prog ). figure 2-11: charge current (i out ) vs. ambient temperature (t a ). figure 2-12: output leakage current (i discharge ) vs. ambient temperature (t a ). 750 770 790 810 830 850 870 890 910 930 950 4.54.85.15.45.76.0 supply voltage (v) charge current (ma) r prog = 1.33 k ? t a = +25c 475 495 515 535 555 575 595 615 635 655 675 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 supply voltage (v) charge current (ma) r prog = 2 k ? t a = +25 c 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 supply voltage (v) charge current (ma) r prog = 5 k ? t a = +25 c 90 96 102 108 114 120 126 132 138 144 150 4.54.85.15.45.76.0 supply voltage (v) fast charge (ma) r prog = 10 k ? t a = +25c charge current (ma) 750 770 790 810 830 850 870 890 910 930 950 -5 5 1525354555 ambient temperature (c) charge current (ma) r prog = 1.33 k ? v dd = 5.2v charge current (ma) -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 -5.0 5.0 15.0 25.0 35.0 45.0 55.0 ambient temperature (c) discharge current (ua) v dd < v bat v dd < v stop end of charge
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 9 mcp73123/223 typical performance curves (continued) note: unless otherwise indicated, v dd = [v reg (typical) + 1v], i out = 10 ma and t a = +25c, constant voltage mode. figure 2-13: overvoltage protection start (50 ms/div). figure 2-14: overvoltage protection stop (50 ms/div). figure 2-15: load transient response (i load = 50 ma, output ripple: 100 mv/div, output current: 50 ma/div, time: 100 s/div). figure 2-16: complete charge cycle (1100 mah lifepo 4 battery). figure 2-17: line transient response (i load = 10 ma, source voltage: 2v/div, output ripple: 100 mv/div, time: 100 s/div). figure 2-18: line transient response (i load = 100 ma, source voltage: 2v/div, output ripple: 100 mv/div, time: 100 s/div). charge current input voltage battery voltage charge current input voltage battery voltage output ripple (mv) output current (ma) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 0 10203040506070 time (minutes) battery voltage (v) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 supply current (a) v dd = 5v r prog = 1 k ? 1100 mah lifepo 4 battery thermal regulation source voltage (v) output ripple (mv) source voltage (v) output ripple (mv)
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 10 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. 3.0 pin description the descriptions of the pins are listed in tab l e 3-1 . table 3-1: pin function table 3.1 battery management input supply (v dd ) a supply voltage of [v reg (typical) + 0.3v] to 6.0v is recommended for mcp73123, while a supply voltage of [v reg (typical) + 0.3v] to 12.0v is recommended for mcp73223. bypass to v ss with a minimum of 1 f. the v dd pin is rated 18v absolute maximum to prevent sudden rise of input voltage from spikes or low cost ac-dc wall adapter. 3.2 battery charge control output (v bat ) connect to the positive terminal of the battery. bypass to v ss with a minimum of 1 f to ensure loop stability when the battery is disconnected. the mcp73123 is designed to provide 3.6v battery regulation voltage for lifepo 4 batteries. undercharge may occur if a typical li-ion or li-poly battery is used. 3.3 no connect (nc) no connect. 3.4 status output (stat) stat is an open-drain logic output for connection to an led for charge status indication in stand-alone applications. alternatively, a pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host microcontroller. refer to table 5-1 for a summary of the status output during a charge cycle. 3.5 battery management 0v reference (v ss ) connect to the negative terminal of the battery and input supply. 3.6 current regulation set (prog) the fast charge current is set by placing a resistor from prog to v ss during constant current (cc) mode. the prog pin also serves as a charge control enable pin. allowing the prog pin to float or connecting the pin to an impedance greater than 200 k ? will disable the mcp73123/223 charger. refer to section 5.5, "constant current mode ? fast charge" , for details. 3.7 exposed pad (ep) the exposed thermal pad (ep) shall be connected to the exposed copper area on the printed circuit board (pcb) to enhance thermal power dissipation. additional vias on the copper area under the mcp73123/223 device will improve the performance of heat dissipation and simplify the assembly process. connecting ep to v ss is recommended. mcp73123/223 symbol i/o description dfn-10 1, 2 v dd i battery management input supply 3, 4 v bat i/o battery charge control output 5, 6 nc ? no connection 7 stat o battery charge status output 8, 9 v ss ? battery management 0v reference 10 prog i/o battery charge current regulation program and charge control enable 11 ep ? exposed pad
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 11 mcp73123/223 4.0 device overview the mcp73123/223 are simple, but fully integrated linear charge management controllers. figure 4-1 depicts the operational flow algorithm. figure 4-1: the mcp73123/223 flow chart. v bat < v pth timer expired shutdown mode v dd < v uvlo v dd < v pd or prog > 200 k ? stat = high-z temperature fault no charge current stat = flashing (type 2) stat = high-z (type 1) timer suspended timer fault no charge current stat = flashing (type 2) stat = high-z (type 1) timer suspended preconditioning mode charge current = i preg stat = low timer reset timer enable fast charge mode charge current = i reg stat = low timer reset timer enabled constant voltage mode charge voltage = v reg stat = low charge complete mode no charge current stat = high-z timer reset v bat > v pth v bat = v reg v bat < i term v bat > v pth v bat < v rth v dd < v ovp v dd > v ovp overvoltage protection no charge current stat = high-z timer suspended v dd > v ovp v dd < v ovp v dd > v ovp v dd < v ovp timer expired timer fault no charge current stat = flashing (type 2) stat = high-z (type 1) timer suspended die temperature > t sd die temperature < t sdhys charge mode resume battery short protection charge current = i short stat = flashing (type 2) stat = high-z (type 1) timer suspended v bat > v short v bat < v short charge mode resume
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 12 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. 5.0 detailed description 5.1 undervoltage lockout (uvlo) an internal undervoltage lockout (uvlo) circuit monitors the input voltage and keeps the charger in shutdown mode until the input supply rises above the uvlo threshold. in the event a battery is present when the input power is applied, the input supply must rise approximately 150 mv above the battery voltage before the mcp73123/223 becomes operational. the uvlo circuit places the device in shutdown mode if the input supply falls to approximately 150 mv above the battery voltage.the uvlo circuit is always active. at any time, the input supply is below the uvlo threshold or approximately 150 mv of the voltage at the v bat pin, the mcp73123/223 device is placed in a shutdown mode. 5.2 overvoltage protection (ovp) an internal ovp circuit monitors the input voltage and keeps the charger in shutdown mode when the input supply rises above the ovp threshold. the hysteresis of ovp is approximately 150 mv for the mcp73123/ 223 device. the mcp73123/223 device is operational between uvlo and ovp threshold. the ovp circuit is also recognized as an overvoltage lockout (ovlo). 5.3 charge qualification when the input power is applied, the input supply must rise 150 mv above the battery voltage before the mcp73123/223 becomes operational. the automatic power down circuit places the device in shutdown mode if the input supply falls to within +50 mv of the battery voltage. the automatic circuit is always active. at any time the input supply is within +50 mv of the voltage at the v bat pin, the mcp73123/223 is placed in a shutdown mode. for a charge cycle to begin, the automatic power down conditions must be met and the charge enable input must be above the input high threshold. 5.3.1 battery management input supply (v dd ) the v dd input is the input supply to the mcp73123/ 223. the mcp73123/223 automatically enters a power-down mode if the voltage on the v dd input falls to within +50 mv of the battery voltage. this feature prevents draining the battery pack when the v dd supply is not present. 5.3.2 battery charge control output (v bat ) the battery charge control output is the drain terminal of an internal p-channel mosfet. the mcp73123/223 provides constant current and voltage regulation to the battery pack by controlling this mosfet in the linear region. the battery charge control output should be connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. 5.3.3 battery detection the mcp73123/223 detects the battery presence by monitoring the voltage at v bat . the charge flow will initiate when the voltage on v bat is below the v recharge threshold. refer to the section 1.0, "electrical characteristics" , for v recharge values. when v bat > v reg + hysteresis, the charge will be suspended or not started, depending on the current charge status, to prevent overcharging. 5.4 preconditioning if the voltage at the v bat pin is less than the preconditioning threshold, the mcp73123/223 device enters a preconditioning mode. the preconditioning threshold is factory set. refer to section 1.0, "electrical characteristics" , for preconditioning threshold options. in this mode, the mcp73123/223 device supplies 10% of the fast charge current (established with the value of the resistor connected to the prog pin) to the battery. when the voltage at the v bat pin rises above the preconditioning threshold, the mcp73123/223 device enters the constant current (fast charge) mode. 5.4.1 timer expired during preconditioning mode if the internal timer expires before the voltage threshold is reached for fast charge mode, a timer fault is indicated and the charge cycle terminates. the mcp73123/223 device remains in this condition until the battery is removed or input power is cycled. if the battery is removed, the mcp73123/223 device enters standby mode, where it remains until a battery is rein - serted. 5.5 constant current mode ? fast charge during the constant current mode, the programmed charge current is supplied to the battery or load. note: in order to extend the battery cycle life, the charge will initiate only when battery voltage is below 3.4v per cell. note: the mcp73123/223 also offers options with no preconditioning. note: the typical preconditioning timer for mcp73123/223 is 32 minutes. the mcp73123/223 also offers options with no preconditioning timer.
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 13 mcp73123/223 the charge current is established using a single resistor from prog to v ss . the program resistor and the charge current are calculated using equation 5-1 and equation 5-2 . equation 5-1: equation 5-2: table 5-1 provides commonly seen e96 (1%) and e24 (5%) resistors for various charge current to reduce design time. table 5-1: resistor lookup table constant current mode is maintained until the voltage at the v bat pin reaches the regulation voltage, v reg . when constant current mode is invoked, the internal timer is reset. 5.5.1 timer expired during constant current ? fast charge mode if the internal timer expires before the recharge voltage threshold is reached, a timer fault is indicated and the charge cycle terminates. the mcp73123/223 device remains in this condition until the battery is removed. if the battery is removed or input power is cycled, the mcp73123/223 device enters the standby mode, where it remains until a battery is reinserted. 5.6 constant voltage mode when the voltage at the v bat pin reaches the regulation voltage, v reg , constant voltage regulation begins. the regulation voltage is factory set to 3.6v for a single cell, with a tolerance of 0.5%; or 7.2v for dual cells, with a tolerance of 0.6%. 5.7 charge termination the charge cycle is terminated when, during constant voltage mode, the average charge current diminishes below a threshold established with the value of 5%, 7.5%, 10% or 20% of fast charge current or internal timer has expired. a 1 ms filter time on the termination comparator ensures that transient load conditions do not result in premature charge cycle termination. the timer period is factory set and can be disabled. refer to section 1.0, "electrical characteristics" , for timer period options. 5.8 automatic recharge the mcp73123/223 device continuously monitors the voltage at the v bat pin in the charge complete mode. if the voltage drops below the recharge threshold, another charge cycle begins and current is once again supplied to the battery or load. the recharge threshold is factory set. refer to section 1.0, "electrical characteristics" , for recharge threshold options. for the mcp73123/223 device with no recharge option, the mcp73123/223 will go into standby mode when the termination condition is met. the charge will not restart until at least one of the following conditions have been met: ? the battery is removed from the system and inserted again ?v dd is removed and plugged in again ? r prog is disconnected (or high impedance) and reconnected charge current (ma) recommended e96 resistor ( ? ) recommended e24 resistor ( ? ) 130 10k 10k 150 8.45k 8.20k 200 6.20k 6.20k 250 4.99k 5.10k 300 4.02k 3.90k 350 3.40k 3.30k 400 3.00k 3.00k 450 2.61k 2.70k 500 2.32k 2.37k 550 2.10k 2.20k 600 1.91k 2.00k 650 1.78k 1.80k 700 1.62k 1.60k 750 1.50k 1.50k 800 1.40k 1.50k 850 1.33k 1.30k 900 1.24k 1.20k 950 1.18k 1.20k 1000 1.10k 1.10k 1100 1.00k 1.00k i reg 1104 r 0.93 ? ? = where: r prog =kilo-ohms (k ? ) i reg = milliampere (ma) r prog 10 i reg 1104 ? ?? log 0.93 ? ?? ? ?? = where: r prog =kilo-ohms (k ? ) i reg = milliampere (ma) note: the mcp73123/223 also offer options with no automatic recharge.
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 14 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. 5.9 thermal regulation the mcp73123/223 limits the charge current, based on the die temperature. this thermal regulation optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability. figure 5-1 depicts the thermal regulation for the mcp73123/223 device. refer to section 1.0, "electrical characteristics" , for thermal package resistances and section 6.1.1.2 ?thermal considerations? , for calculating power dissipation. . figure 5-1: thermal regulation. 5.10 thermal shutdown the mcp73123/223 suspends charge if the die temperature exceeds +150c. charging will be resumed when the die temperature has cooled by approximately 10c. this thermal shutdown is a secondary safety feature in the event that there is a failure within the thermal regulation circuitry. 5.11 status indicator the charge status outputs are open-drain outputs with two different states: low (l) and high impedance (high-z). the charge status outputs can be used to illuminate leds. optionally, the charge status outputs can be used as an interface to a host microcontroller. table 5-2 summarizes the state of the status outputs during a charge cycle. 5.12 battery short circuit protection when a lithium iron phosphate battery is detected, an internal battery short circuit protection circuit starts monitoring the battery voltage. when v bat is below the typical 1.7v battery short circuit protection threshold voltage per cell, the charging behavior is postponed. a 25 ma (typical) detection current is supplied for recovering from the battery short circuit condition. preconditioning mode resumes when v bat rises above the battery short circuit protection threshold. the battery voltage must rise approximately 150 mv above the battery short circuit protection voltage before the mcp73123/223 device becomes operational. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 junction temperature (c) charge current (ma) v dd = 5.2v r prog = 2 k ? table 5-2: status outputs charge cycle state stat shutdown high-z standby high-z preconditioning l constant current fast charge l constant voltage l charge complete - standby high-z temperature fault 1.6 second 50% dc flashing (type 2) high-z (type 1) timer fault 1.6 second 50% dc flashing (type 2) high-z (type 1) preconditioning timer fault 1.6 second 50% dc flashing (type 2) high-z (type 1)
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 15 mcp73123/223 6.0 applications the mcp73123/223 is designed to operate with a host microcontroller or in stand-alone applications. the mcp73123/223 provides the preferred charge algorithm for lithium iron phosphate cells, constant current mode followed by constant voltage mode. figure 6-1 depicts a typical stand-alone application circuit, while figure 6-2 depicts the accompanying charge profile. figure 6-1: typical application circuit. figure 6-2: typical charge profile for single-cell lifepo 4 battery. stat v dd nc 5 3 1 2 prog 8 7 9 10 4.7 f + - 1-cell lifepo 4 battery nc 6 4 1k ? v dd v bat v bat v ss v ss 4.7 f 1.0 k ? mcp73123 typical application ac-dc adapter 5v dc output 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 0 10203040506070 time (minutes) battery voltage (v) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 supply current (a) v dd = 5v r prog = 1 k ? 1100 mah lifepo 4 battery thermal regulation
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 16 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. 6.1 application circuit design due to the low efficiency of linear charging, the most important factors are thermal design and cost, which are a direct function of the input voltage, output current and thermal impedance between the battery charger and the ambient cooling air. the worst-case situation is when the device has transitioned from the preconditioning mode to the constant current mode. in this situation, the battery charger has to dissipate the maximum power. a trade-off must be made between the charge current, cost, and thermal requirements of the charger. 6.1.1 component selection selection of the external components in figure 6-1 is crucial to the integrity and reliability of the charging system. the following discussion is intended as a guide for the component selection process. 6.1.1.1 charge current the recommended fast charge current should be obtained from the battery manufacturer. for example, a 1000 mah battery pack with 2c preferred fast charge current has a charge current of 1000 ma. charging at this rate provides the shortest charge cycle times without degradation of the battery pack performance or life. 6.1.1.2 thermal considerations the worst-case power dissipation in the battery charger occurs when the input voltage is at the maximum and the device has transitioned from the preconditioning mode to the constant current mode. in this case, the power dissipation is calculated using equation 6-1 . equation 6-1: power dissipation with a 5v, 10% input voltage source, 500 ma 10% and preconditioning threshold voltage at 2v is calculated using equation 6-2 . equation 6-2: this power dissipation with the battery charger in the dfn-10 package will raise the temperature approximately 83 ? c above room temperature. 6.1.1.3 external capacitors the mcp73123/223 is stable with or without a battery load. in order to maintain good ac stability in the constant voltage mode, a minimum capacitance of 1 f is recommended to bypass the v bat pin to v ss . this capacitance provides compensation when there is no battery load. in addition, the battery and interconnections appear inductive at high frequencies. these elements are in the control feedback loop during constant voltage mode. therefore, the bypass capacitance may be necessary to compensate for the inductive nature of the battery pack. a minimum of 1 f is recommended for the output capacitor, and a minimum of 1 f is recommended for the input capacitor in typical applications. table 6-1: mlcc capacitor example virtually any good quality output filter capacitor can be used, independent of the capacitor?s minimum effective series resistance (esr) value. the actual value of the capacitor (and its associated esr) depends on the output load current. a 1 f ceramic, tantalum, or aluminum electrolytic capacitor at the output is usually sufficient to ensure stability. 6.1.1.4 reverse-blocking protection the mcp73123/223 provides protection from a faulted or shorted input. without the protection, a faulted or shorted input would discharge the battery pack through the body diode of the internal pass transistor. note: please consult with your battery supplier or refer to the battery data sheet for the preferred charge rate. powerdissipation v ddmax v pthmin ? ?? i regmax ? = where: v ddmax = the maximum input voltage i regmax = the maximum fast charge current v pthmin = the minimum transition threshold voltage mlcc capacitors temperature range tolerance x7r -55 ? c to +125 ? c 15% x5r -55 ? c to +85 ? c 15% powerdissipation 5.5v 2v ? ?? 550ma ? 1.925w ==
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 17 mcp73123/223 6.2 pcb layout issues for optimum voltage regulation, place the battery pack as close as possible to the device?s v bat and v ss pins to minimize voltage drops along the high-current- carrying pcb traces. if the pcb layout is used as a heat sink, adding multiple vias in the heat sink pad can help conduct more heat to the backplane of the pcb, thus reducing the maximum junction temperature. figure 6-3 , figure 6-4 and figure 6-5 depict a typical layout with pcb heatsinking. figure 6-3: typical layout (top). figure 6-4: typical layout (top metal). figure 6-5: typical layout (bottom). mcp73x23ev-lfp
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 18 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. 7.0 packaging information 7.1 package marking information xxxx 10-lead dfn (3x3) yyww nnn example: 1225 256 standard * part number code mcp73123-22si/mf 77hi mcp73223-c2si/mf x7hi legend: xx...x customer-specific information ? y year code (last digit of calendar year) ? yy year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) ? ww week code (week of january 1 is week ?01?) ? nnn alphanumeric traceability code ? pb-free jedec designator for matte tin (sn) ? * this package is pb-free. the pb-free jedec designator ( ) ? can be found on the outer packaging for this package. note : in the event the full microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. 3 e 3 e 77hi
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 19 mcp73123/223 note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 20 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 21 mcp73123/223 note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 22 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. notes:
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 23 mcp73123/223 appendix a: revision history revision e (february 2013) the following is the list of modifications: 1. updated the functional block diagram . 2. updated the temperature specifications table. 3. updated section 3.6 ?current regulation set (prog)? . 4. updated section 5.3.3 ?battery detection? . 5. updated equation 5-2 . revision d (june 2011) the following is the list of modifications: 1. updated the land pattern drawing of the 3x3 dfn package on page 27 . revision c (january 2011) the following is the list of modifications: 1. added two more part numbers in table 2 . 2. updated the flowchart in figure 4-1 . revision b (january 2010) the following is the list of modifications: 1. updated the ovp value for mcp73223-c2s/mf in table 2 . 2. updated the battery short protection values in the dc characteristics table. revision a (july 2009) ? original release of this document.
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 24 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. notes:
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 25 mcp73123/223 product identification system to order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, contact your local microchip sales office . device: mcp73123: single cell lithium iron phosphate battery device mcp73123t: single cell lithium iron phosphate battery device, tape and reel mcp73223: dual cell lithium iron phosphate battery device mcp73223t: dual cell lithium iron phosphate battery device, tape and reel temperature ? range: i= -40 ? c to +85 ? c (industrial) package: mf = plastic dual flat no lead, 3x3 mm body (dfn), ? 10-lead part no. x xx package temperature range device examples: a) mcp73123-22si/mf: single cell lithium iron phosphate battery device b) mcp73123t-22si/mf: tape and reel, ? single cell lithium iron phosphate battery device a) mcp73223-c2si/mf: dual cell lithium iron phosphate battery device a) mcp73223t-c2si/mf: tape and reel, ? dual cell lithium iron phosphate battery device consult your local microchip sales office for alternative device options.
mcp73123/223 ds22191e-page 26 ? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. notes:
? 2009-2013 microchip technology inc. ds22191e-page 27 information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. it is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. microchip makes no representations or warranties of any kind whether express or implied, written or oral, statutory or otherwise, related to the information, including but not limited to its condition, quality, performance, merchantability or fitness for purpose . microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. use of microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer?s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. no licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any microchip intellectual property rights. trademarks the microchip name and logo, the microchip logo, dspic, flashflex, k ee l oq , k ee l oq logo, mplab, pic, picmicro, picstart, pic 32 logo, rfpic, sst, sst logo, superflash and uni/o are registered trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. filterlab, hampshire, hi-tech c, linear active thermistor, mtp, seeval and the embedded control solutions company are registered trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. silicon storage technology is a registered trademark of microchip technology inc. in other countries. analog-for-the-digital age, app lication maestro, bodycom, chipkit, chipkit logo, codeguard, dspicdem, dspicdem.net, dspicworks, dsspeak, ecan, economonitor, fansense, hi-tide, in-circuit serial programming, icsp, mindi, miwi, mpasm, mpf, mplab certified logo, mplib, mplink, mtouch, omniscient code generation, picc, picc-18, picdem, picdem.net, pickit, pictail, real ice, rflab, select mode, sqi, serial quad i/o, total endurance, tsharc, uniwindriver, wiperlock, zena and z-scale are trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. sqtp is a service mark of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. gestic and ulpp are registered trademarks of microchip technology germany ii gmbh & co. & kg, a subsidiary of microchip technology inc., in other countries. all other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. ? 2009-2013, microchip technology incorporated, printed in the u.s.a., all rights reserved. printed on recycled paper. isbn: 978-1-62076-998-0 note the following details of the code protection feature on microchip devices: ? microchip products meet the specification cont ained in their particular microchip data sheet. ? microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used i n the intended manner and under normal conditions. ? there are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. all of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the microchip produc ts in a manner outside the operating specif ications contained in microchip?s data sheets. most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. ? microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. ? neither microchip nor any other semiconduc tor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as ?unbreakable.? code protection is constantly evolving. we at microchip are co mmitted to continuously improvin g the code protection features of our products. attempts to break microchip?s code protection feature may be a violation of the digital millennium copyright act. if such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that act. microchip received iso/ts-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in chandler and tempe, arizona; gresham, oregon and design centers in california and india. the company?s quality system processes and procedures are for its pic ? mcus and dspic ? dscs, k ee l oq ? code hopping devices, serial eeproms, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. in addition, microchip?s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is iso 9001:2000 certified. quality management s ystem certified by dnv == iso/ts 16949 ==
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